The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.